E-commerce, or electronic commerce, involves the buying and selling of products or services over the internet. This model allows businesses and individuals to conduct transactions without being physically present in brick-and-mortar stores. Thanks to modern technologies and automation, the process has become more efficient, leading to continuous growth in e-commerce.
Typically, electronic commerce occurs through e-shops, online marketplaces, or mobile apps. Consumers can easily select, compare, and order products from the comfort of their homes. Payments are made online via bank cards, digital wallets, or cryptocurrencies. Delivery is handled by courier services, pickup points, or automated lockers.
Main E-commerce Models
Companies can reach a larger audience without the high costs associated with physical stores. Online sales enable personalized marketing, process automation, and fast scalability. E-commerce offers customers convenience, a wide range of products, and easy price comparison. Additionally, consumers have access to reviews, which helps them make informed decisions. E-commerce is divided into four main models:
B2B (Business-to-Business)
This model involves transactions between businesses. It includes wholesale supplies, sales of raw materials, or software solutions for companies. Transactions tend to have a higher value compared to B2C and often occur based on long-term contracts. The advantage of B2B lies in larger sales volumes with lower customer acquisition costs.
B2C (Business-to-Consumer)
B2C is the most widespread model, where businesses sell products or services directly to consumers. Examples include online stores, mobile apps, or the sale of digital services. Marketing plays a key role in attracting customers in this model. The benefit is the potential for increased sales through the right marketing strategies.
C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer)
C2C enables transactions between consumers. Platforms like online marketplaces and auction sites connect buyers with sellers. The advantage of this model is the ability to sell unwanted items and buy products at competitive prices.
C2B (Consumer-to-Business)
The C2B model reverses traditional commerce. Consumers offer products or services to businesses, which use them for their operations. This model allows individuals, such as influencers or freelancers, to sell their skills to companies, creating innovative marketing campaigns. It also provides opportunities for consumers to monetize their abilities.